To win elections, politicians need votes. And to run the election campaigns needed to garner those votes, they need an organization, volunteers, and money – a lot of money. To wage the federal election held last month, the major political parties needed to raise and spend millions of dollars. Their task of raising that money was undoubtedly made somewhat easier by the fact that Canadian taxpayers who donate money to political parties or candidates can obtain some tax benefit from doing so.
While no two tax returns filed with the Canada Revenue Agency are identical, all such tax returns have one thing in common. Once those tax returns are filed, the CRA will review the income amounts reported and the tax deduction and credit claims made, and issue a Notice of Assessment (NOA) outlining its conclusions with respect to the taxpayer’s tax situation for the year.
At first glance, it might seem that the financial pressures experienced by Canadian families would have eased over the last year or so. The spike in interest rates which started in early 2022 has abated, with the Bank of Canada cutting its benchmark rate several times since mid-2023. As well, the rate of inflation, which had reached 6.8% in late 2022, began moderating during 2023 and now (as of March 2025) stands at 2.3%. It would seem, then, that both the cost of daily life (as reflected in the rate of inflation) and the cost of debt servicing (as reflected in the Bank’s benchmark interest rate) would have both become more manageable in recent months.
It’s likely that very few Canadians view completing and filing the annual tax return as anything other than an unpleasant chore to be endured, with a sigh of relief once it’s finally done. The goal, for both the taxpayer and the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), is for the return to then be “assessed as filed”, meaning that the CRA agrees with the income information provided, the deductions and credits claimed, and the final overall tax result obtained by the taxpayer. And, while the best-case scenario is for the taxpayer to have filed a return that is correct and complete and filed on time, that’s a result which can be derailed in any number of ways.
Most Canadians live their lives with only very infrequent contact with the tax authorities and are generally happy to keep it that way. Sometime between mid-February and the end of April 2025 the majority of Canadian taxpayers will file a return for 2024 with the Canada Revenue Agency. Once that return is processed, the CRA will issue a Notice of Assessment. Most taxpayers will then receive a tax refund, usually by direct deposit to their bank account, while in a minority of cases the taxpayer will have to pay a tax amount owing on or before April 30, 2025.
When Canadians gather together the information slips, receipts, and other documents needed to prepare and file their annual income tax return, their biggest concern is likely whether completing that return will result in the need to pay a tax amount owing. Taxpayers who are recipients of Old Age Security (OAS) benefits share that concern, of course, but they can face an additional unpleasant result when completing their tax return – finding out that they are subject to the OAS recovery tax, or clawback.
Notwithstanding the considerable complexity of the Canadian income tax system, there is one rule which applies to every individual taxpayer living in Canada, regardless of location, income, age, or circumstances. That rule is that income tax owed for a year must be paid, in full, on or before April 30 of the following year. This year, that means that individual income taxes owed for 2024 must be remitted to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) on or before Wednesday April 30, 2025. No exceptions and, absent extraordinary circumstances, no extensions.
A few decades ago retirement, for most Canadians, was an event which marked the change from full-time work to not working at all. Usually, that transition took place at age 65, following which the new retiree would begin to receive Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security (OAS) benefits, and perhaps monthly payments from an employer-sponsored pension plan.
While it’s true that the best year-end tax planning starts on January 1 of the tax year, the reality is that most Canadians don’t turn their attention to their tax situation for 2024 until the spring of 2025, when the deadline for filing a tax return for 2024 approaches. And while that means that there is plenty of time to get the return prepared and filed, it also means that the most significant opportunities to reduce or minimize the tax bill for 2024 are no longer available. Almost all such tax-planning or saving strategies, in order to be effective for 2024, must have been implemented by the end of that calendar year.
While the tax return form that Canadians prepare and file each spring might look identical to the form that was used the previous year, the reality is that our tax system is constantly changing, and that change is reflected in amendments made to each year’s tax return form, which in turn affect the tax situation of every Canadian taxpayer.
